The Modern Slavery and Human Rights Policy and Evidence Centre has been commissioned by the Office of Theresa May to conduct a scoping study examining the case for establishing a Global Commission on Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking (the “Scoping Study”). The Scoping Study has been funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Modern slavery and human trafficking constitute one of the greatest global challenges of our time. Vulnerability to such exploitation has dramatically increased as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, new and protracted conflicts and the direct effects of climate change. With the number of people forcibly displaced worldwide now exceeding 100 million for the first time in history, the world is set to see a significant increase in the numbers vulnerable to modern slavery and human trafficking. The scale of such vulnerability to exploitation means that all countries of the world are affected, whether countries of origin, transit or destination.