The purpose of the Australian Modern Slavery Act 2018 (MSA) is to combat modern slavery in the operations and supply chains of Australian business. By requiring big business and other entities to report on their efforts to address modern slavery, the MSA aims to drive change in business conduct to prevent and redress modern slavery, but is it fit for purpose? Based on data gathered from a business survey and focus groups conducted in 2022 and 2023, this report provides new and critical data to inform policy change and business practice. It builds upon our recent in-depth research on the quality of corporate reporting under the MSA,1 by looking beyond the annual corporate modern slavery statements to highlight the gaps that can arise between policy and practice.