There are costs associated with providing the range of services integral to recruiting workers, including advertising and sourcing workers, processing applications, interviewing, worker documentation, skills assessment, placement, orientation, transportation – within or across borders – to the place of work and training on arrival. These costs are often passed on to jobseekers and workers, including through hidden fees and services, for example:
– Exploitative mark-ups paid to various agents, brokers and middlemen involved in the recruitment process;
– Fees for so-called optional services, which are in fact integral to the recruitment process or where workers are misled or coerced into taking out such services (e.g. health insurance and translation services);
– Security deposits or bonds, which act as ‘runaway insurance’.
Labor export and associated remittances have become an important solution by the Vietnamese government to create jobs and alleviate poverty in rural communities. Each year, tens of thousands of Vietnamese leave the country to work overseas. Japan an...Read More
Whilst this guidance is focused on debt bondage within a Criminal Exploitation and County Lines Context, this is a method of control well documented in other forms of exploitation including international trafficking and sexual exploitation. Therefor...Read More
Nepal has implemented, repealed and re-implemented various bans and restrictions on the migration of women migrant workers and / or migrant domestic workers since 1998, the year in which all women migrant workers were first banned from migrating to ...Read More
In Cambodia, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread job suspensions and losses, and substantial reductions of income for workers and their families. By June 2020, as many as 234 factories in the manufacturing sectors (garment, footwear and...Read More
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