ackground: Girl child, early, and forced marriage (CEFM) persists in South Asia, with long-term effects on well- being. CARE’s Tipping Point Initiative (TPI) sought to address the gender norms and inequalities underlying CEFM by engaging participant groups on programmatic topics and supporting community dialogue to build girls’ agency, shift power relations, and change norms. We assessed impacts of the CARE TPI on girls’ multifaceted agency and risk of CEFM in Nepal.

Methods: The quantitative evaluation was a three-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial (control; Tipping Point Program [TPP]; Tipping Point Plus Program [TPP+] with emphasized social-norms change). Fifty-four clusters of ~200 households each were selected from two districts (27:27) with probability proportional to size and ran- domized evenly to study arms. A pre-baseline census identified unmarried girls 12–16 years (1,242) and adults 25 years or older (540). Questionnaires covered marriage; agency; social networks/norms; and discrimination/ violence. Baseline participation was 1,140 girls and 540 adults. Retention was 1,124 girls and 531 adults. Regression-based difference-in-difference models assessed program effects on 15 agency-related secondary outcomes. Cox-proportional hazard models assessed program effects on time to marriage. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of findings.

Results: At follow-up, marriage was rare for girls (<6.05%), and 10 secondary outcomes had increased. Except for sexual/reproductive health knowledge (coef.=.71, p=.036) and group membership (coef.=.48, p=.026) for TPP + versus control, adjusted difference-in-difference models showed no program effects on secondary outcomes. Results were mostly unmoderated by community mean: gender norms, household poverty, or women’s schooling attainment. Cox proportional hazard models showed no program effect on time-to-marriage. Findings were robust.

Discussion: Null findings of the Nepal TPI may be attributable to low CEFM rates at follow-up, poor socio- economic conditions, COVID-19-related disruptions, and concurrent programming in control areas. As COVID- 19 abates, impacts of TPP/TPP + on girls’ agency and marriage, alone and with complementary program- ming, should be assessed.

Impact of the CARE Tipping Point Program in Nepal on adolescent girls’ agency and risk of child, early, or forced marriage: Results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial - Elsevier, 2023 DOWNLOAD

post

page

attachment

revision

nav_menu_item

custom_css

customize_changeset

oembed_cache

user_request

wp_block

wp_template

wp_template_part

wp_global_styles

wp_navigation

wp_font_family

wp_font_face

acf-taxonomy

acf-post-type

acf-field-group

acf-field

ai1ec_event

exactmetrics_note

In Harm’s Way: How Systems Fail Human Trafficking Survivors
Publications

The National Survivor Survey is the largest and most significant effort to date to learn directly from survivors of sex and labor trafficking. This report uses the findings from this study to paint a detailed picture of the arc of trafficking – fr...Read More

Human trafficking for labour exploitation: the results of a two-phase systematic review mapping the European evidence base and synthesising key scientific research evidence
Publications

Abstract Objectives The article objectives were (1) to systematically map the contours of the European evidence base on labour trafficking, identifying its key characteristics, coverage, gaps, strengths and weaknesses and (2) to synthesise key scie...Read More

TAGS: Europe
Child Sexual Abuse Material: Model Legislation & Global Review
Publications

9th edition Since 2006, ICMEC has tallied the presence – and absence – of adequate anti-child sexual abuse material (CSAM) law in 196 countries. They have analyzed the strengths and shortcomings of the laws that do exist, and, based on the re...Read More

TAGS:
Impacts of a lack of legal advice on adults with lived experience of modern slavery
News & AnalysisPublications

This project examined experiences of access to legal advice among adults with lived experience of modern slavery in the United Kingdom, as well as the impacts of a lack of access to (quality) legal advice on recovery, wellbeing and protection outcom...Read More

TAGS: Europe