The State obligation to promptly identify and assist victims of human trafficking is sacrosanct. It is enshrined in international legal documents and is a key commitment of the OSCE participating States. It is embedded in the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings and its Addenda, as well as in a number of OSCE Ministerial Council Decisions. However, insufficient protection for victims remains a major persisting challenge in today’s anti-trafficking efforts. This manifests in low identification numbers, lack of tailored rehabilitation services, unclear prospects for (re)integration, and – tragically – the re-trafficking of victims.