Narratives of commercial gestational surrogacy (CGS) as ‘baby-selling’ often conflate or interchange the transfer of children born via surrogacy with trafficking in children or the sale of children, two sometimes overlapping but nonetheless distinct offenses. Moreover, anti-trafficking laws have been used to police cross border CGS. But when do CGS arrangements fall within the category of legitimate ‘reproductive tourism’ and when do they amount to child trafficking? In this paper I critically explore intersections between human trafficking laws and CGS, vis-à-vis the child, charting the relevant trafficking laws in the context of international surrogacy, and analysing whether trafficking laws are an appropriate mechanism through which to regulate CGS. I conclude that while child trafficking might occur via surrogacy, CGS in itself is not child trafficking under international law.
Within the Make It Work for Youth – MyWay project, implemented by NGO ASTRA – Anti Trafficking Action with support of the European Union (EIDHR program), 20 students were selected and trained to collect data, that is, to conduct a research and a...Read More
The German government has set a 2020 target for at least 50% of German companies with more than 500 employees to have introduced effective human rights protections. The current coalition Government has agreed to pass laws and push...Read More
The Ukrainian crisis has generated an unprecedented and large-scale refugee movement leading to millions, primarily women and children, seeking safety in neighbouring and surrounding countries. While undertaking their journeys or upon reaching...Read More
Authors: Robin Cartwright & Frances Cleland-Bones This paper is based on the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime's detailed review of the scale and nature of organised crime’s infiltration of the private sector. These find...Read More
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