Narratives of commercial gestational surrogacy (CGS) as ‘baby-selling’ often conflate or interchange the transfer of children born via surrogacy with trafficking in children or the sale of children, two sometimes overlapping but nonetheless distinct offenses. Moreover, anti-trafficking laws have been used to police cross border CGS. But when do CGS arrangements fall within the category of legitimate ‘reproductive tourism’ and when do they amount to child trafficking? In this paper I critically explore intersections between human trafficking laws and CGS, vis-à-vis the child, charting the relevant trafficking laws in the context of international surrogacy, and analysing whether trafficking laws are an appropriate mechanism through which to regulate CGS. I conclude that while child trafficking might occur via surrogacy, CGS in itself is not child trafficking under international law.
British survivors of modern day slavery are not being adequately listened to or heard in the antislavery sector, let alone across the UK. Yet they are the now the largest cohort in the Government’s annual modern slavery referral data. This evasion...Read More
GENERAL CONTEXT The construction industry relies on large numbers of low-skilled workers and, as such, is a major provider of formal employment opportunities around the world. In the Gulf States in particular, the construction boom has attracted ...Read More
The United Nations declared 2021 the International year for the Elimination of Child Labour, an effort to eradicate this form of abuse and exploitation, a milestone in reaching the Sustainable Development Goal target 8.7. Worldwide, an estimated 152...Read More
COVID-19 as an immediate cause of economic pressures is likely to be time limited. It is therefore important that adequate continuity planning is in place which allows businesses to recover quickly and effectively when demand recovers. Jobs, and the...Read More
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