These practice guidelines aim to provide an introduction to child modern slavery and human trafficking (MSHT) as a significant health and public health concern, and guidance on the role of paediatricians in addressing child MSHT. MSHT is a serious form of child maltreatment and can lead to lifelong physical, mental, emotional, developmental, and social consequences. This is a complex area of practice, and all paediatricians are strongly advised to undertake further specialist training in child MSHT, safeguarding and trauma-informed care.