The unique aspects of sponsorship systems in the Middle East, commonly known as kafala, result in a delegation of responsibility by the State to the private employer to oversee both a migrant worker’s immigration and employment status. This is inherently problematic as it creates an imbalance between the rights and abilities of workers and employers to terminate an employment relationship, and be mobile on the labour market in the respective country. This paper argues that reforming the sponsorship systems in a way which disassociates a worker’s immigration status from their employer’s control, and enables a migrant worker to resign or terminate his/ her employment contract by giving reasonable notice and without losing valid immigration status, can have significant economic, social and administrative benefits. Furthermore it may contribute to progress towards nationalization programmes, the smooth functioning of the labour market, and adherence to the rule of law.
Annual report of the Attorney General on efforts to combat human trafficking in the US. Provides and assessment of all U.S. Government activities regarding human trafficking in 2012. Details activities related to immigration benefits for victims, ...Read More
Among countless severe consequences, the current international COVID-19 emergency has created a global financial crisis of a scale rarely encountered in modern history. Systemic economic and social inequalities across societies are being laid bare a...Read More
While some challenges around design and implementation remain, the aim of the reforms- to improve conditions for workers in the sector, help to restore Thailand's depleted fish stocks and ultimately to make the industry more safe, sustainable and pr...Read More
India remains a major hotspot for commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), a crime that is becoming increasingly hidden. Prevalence data is challenging to obtain and estimates are speculative; several entities have sized the population of ...Read More
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