The unique aspects of sponsorship systems in the Middle East, commonly known as kafala, result in a delegation of responsibility by the State to the private employer to oversee both a migrant worker’s immigration and employment status. This is inherently problematic as it creates an imbalance between the rights and abilities of workers and employers to terminate an employment relationship, and be mobile on the labour market in the respective country. This paper argues that reforming the sponsorship systems in a way which disassociates a worker’s immigration status from their employer’s control, and enables a migrant worker to resign or terminate his/ her employment contract by giving reasonable notice and without losing valid immigration status, can have significant economic, social and administrative benefits. Furthermore it may contribute to progress towards nationalization programmes, the smooth functioning of the labour market, and adherence to the rule of law.
Trafficking in human beings is a serious crime and a grave violation of fundamental rights. Combatting it is a priority for the European Union1. Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU2 foresees a two-yearly report on the progress made in the fight ...Read More
From the late 1970’s, China's economy has enjoyed 30 years of explosive growth. With its 1.4 billion inhabitants, it is now the world's largest economy. This economic miracle, now on everyone's lips, has lifted hundreds of millions of Chinese out ...Read More
This report provides actionable recommendations to U.S. government agencies on efforts nationally and internationally, and as agencies cooperate with state, local, and tribal governments, NGOs, faith-based organizations, community members, businesse...Read More
The COVID-19 crisis has a potentially far-reaching, long-term negative impact on trafficked and exploited persons. Although at this stage it is not yet possible to assess the full impact of the pandemic on human trafficking, it is sure that its soci...Read More
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